Network Address Translation (NAT)

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Cisco Secure Access Help

Getting Started and Onboarding
- Introduction to Secure Access
  - Welcome to Cisco Secure Access
  - Sign into Secure Access with Security Cloud Sign On
  - Find Your Organization ID
  - Determine Your Current Package
  - Limitations and range limits
    - Destinations for Client-Based Zero Trust Traffic
    - Domain Names
    - File Inspection and File Analysis
    - Internet Protocol Versions
    - IP Address Restrictions
    - Other Components
    - Reports
    - Resource Connectors and Resource Connector Groups
    - Service Connections
    - Users and Groups
  - Endpoint Data Center Selection
    - Roaming Web Protection (Secure Web Gateway)
    - Zero Trust Access (ZTA) for Private Applications
    - Trusted Internet Access (TIA) via the ZTA Client
    - Remote Access VPN (VPNaaS)
    - Specialized and Sovereign Deployments (China, FedRAMP, TerraSecure)
    - Information to Gather Before Contacting Cisco Support
- Secure Access Dashboards
  - Secure Access Overview Dashboard
    - Get Started Workflow
    - Experience Insights
    - Network Tunnel Group Usage
    - Connectivity
    - Data Transfer
    - Security
      - Security Activity
      - Top Security Categories
      - File Retrospective
    - Users and Groups
    - Private Resources
  - Service Analytics Dashboard
  - Security Insights Dashboard
    - Security Overview Tab
    - Data Security Tab
    - AI Governance Tab
    - Applications Tab
    - Users Tab
    - Threat Tab
  - Secure Access Status Portal
    - Interpreting Cloud Security Platform Service Status
    - Scheduled Maintenance
    - Service Status History
    - Manage Outage Notifications
- Cisco Assistant for Secure Access
  - Get Started with the Cisco Assistant
    - Use the Cisco Assistant
    - Cisco Assistant Navigation
  - Add Rules with the Cisco Assistant
    - Enter a Natural Language Prompt to Generate Policy Rules
    - Cisco Assistant Rule Examples
    - Contextual Conversations
  - Find Documented Answers with the Cisco Assistant
    - Best Practices for Prompts
    - Contextual Conversations
  - Troubleshoot Access Issues with Private Resources
  - Optimize Access Policies
  - Messages Generated by the Cisco Assistant
  - Create Cisco Support Cases
- Regions
  - Secure Access Regions
- Network Requirements
  - Network requirements for Secure Access
  - DNS requirements
    - Secure Access DNS Resolvers
      - Best Practices
      - Cisco Secure Client
      - Cisco Secure Client and External DNS Resolution
    - Secure Access Encrypted DNS Queries
    - Secure Access DNS, Web, and Block Pages
    - Secure Access DNS and Web – Client Configuration Services
    - Secure Access DNS and Web – Client Sync Services
    - Secure Access DNS and Web – Client Certificate Revocation Services
  - Secure Client requirements
    - Cisco Secure Client and Captive Portal Detection
    - Cisco Secure Client and Device Hostnames
  - Transport layer security protocol requirements
    - TLS 1.2 Support in Windows
    - TLS 1.2 Support in macOS
  - Secure web gateway service requirements
    - Egress IP Addresses for the Secure Web Gateway
    - Ingress IP Addresses for the Secure Web Gateway
  - Realtime DLP secure ICAP requirements
  - SaaS tenant requirements
    - Microsoft 365
  - SAML identity provider requirements
    - Secure Access SAML Gateway Services
      - Active Directory Federation Service SAML Identity Provider
    - Secure Access SAML Identity Provider Domains
      - Azure AD SAML Identity Provider
    - Secure Access SAML Gateway Client Certificate Revocation Services
  - Virtual private network requirements
    - Secure Access VPN Services
    - Secure Access VPN Client Certificate Revocation Services
  - Zero trust access requirements
    - Secure Access Zero Trust Client-Based Enrollment Services
    - Secure Access Zero Trust Client-Based Proxy Services
      - Known Network Restrictions for Zero Trust Clients
    - Secure Access Zero Trust Client-Based Proxy – Client Certificate Revocation Services
    - Secure Access Zero Trust Proxy Services – Unmanaged Devices
    - Secure Access Zero Trust Services and Connector Groups
- Secure Access Onboarding
  - Get Started
  - Secure Access Onboarding Workflow
    - Step 1 – Configure network connections
      - Task 1 – Add Network Connections
      - Task 2 – Provision Users and Groups
      - Task 3 – Configure Integrations with SAML Identity Providers
    - Step 2 – Configure access to resources
      - Task 1 – Set Up Private Resources
      - Task 2 – Configure Rule Defaults and Global Settings
      - Task 3 – Add a Policy Rule
    - Step 3 - Configure end user connectivity
    - Step 4 – Configure endpoints and network sources
  - Hybrid Private Access Workflow
    - Procedure
  - Quickstarts
    - Quickstart – Cisco Secure Client with Zero Trust Access
    - Quickstart – Cisco Secure Client with Virtual Private Network
    - Quickstart – Cisco Secure Client with Internet Security
    - Quickstart – Browser with SAML Authentication
    - Quickstart – Bring Your Own Device with Zero Trust
  - Additional Onboarding Resources
- Basic Network Setup
  - Fully Qualified Domain Names for Network Connections
    - About Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs)
    - Global FQDN
    - Regional FQDNs
    - VPN Headend FQDN
  - Manage Registered Networks
    - Add Network Resources
      - Step 1 – Select the Network
      - Step 2 – Configure the Network Resource
      - Step 3 – Change the DNS Settings on Your Relevant Network Device
      - Step 4 – Apply a Policy Rule to the Network Resource
      - Step 5 – Test Your Network
      - Update a Network Resource
        
        Edit the Registered Network Resource Name
        
        Update the Registered Network Resource
        
        Delete a Network Resource
    - Point Your DNS to Cisco Secure Access
      - Cisco Secure Access DNS Resolvers – IP addresses
      - Cisco Secure Access DNS Resolvers – Anycast IP Addresses
      - Procedure for Pointing Your DNS to Cisco Secure Access
        
        Step 1 – Identify Where Your Public DNS Server Addresses are Configured
        
        Step 2 – Log Into the Server or Router Where DNS is Configured
        
        Step 3 – Change Your DNS Server Addresses
        
        Primary and Secondary Servers
        
        Step 4 – Test Your New DNS Settings
  - Clear Your DNS Cache
    - Clear Your DNS Cache on Computers and Servers
      - Windows 7 and Earlier
      - Windows 8 and Newer
      - OS X 10.4 TIGER
      - OS X 10.5 and 10.6 LEOPARD
      - OS X 10.7 and 10.8 Lion
      - OS X 10.9 and 10.10
      - Linux
      - Ubuntu Linux
    - Clear Your DNS Cache on Browsers
      - Internet Explorer 8 and Newer – Windows
      - Mozilla Firefox – Windows
      - Apple Safari – macOS
      - Google Chrome – Windows
      - Google Chrome – macOS
  - Manage Internal Networks
    - Add Internal Network Resources
    - Update an Internal Network Resource
    - Delete an Internal Network Resource
  - Manage Sites
Core Platform Administration
- Accounts
  - Accounts Overview
    - Add a New Account
    - Edit Account Settings
    - Delete an Account
  - Hide sources with de-identification
    - Enable De-identification
    - Disable De-identification
- Network Infrastructure
  - Manage Network Devices
    - How to Add a Network Device in Secure Access
    - Procedure for Managing Network Devices
      - View the Network Devices in Secure Access
      - Edit a Network Device
      - Remove a Network Device
  - Secure Access NAT as a Service
    - Web Traffic and NATaaS
    - Non-Web Traffic and NATaaS
    - Best Practices for NATaaS
    - Reserved IP Addresses
      - Network Requirements for Reserved IPs
      - Best Practices for Reserved IPs
      - Known Limitations of Reserved IPs
      - Deployment of the Reserved IP
      - Reporting and Reserved IP
      - Calculate Your Maximum Sessions
      - Troubleshooting Reserved IPs
    - Reserved IP Supplemental Terms
  - Network Connections
    - Comparison of Network Connection Methods
    - Network Tunnels in Secure Access
    - Resource Connectors in Secure Access
  - Network Tunnel Groups
    - Add a Network Tunnel Group
    - Delete a Network Tunnel Group
    - Edit a Network Tunnel Group
    - View Network Tunnel Group Details
    - Manage Summary Subnets
    - Override Route Summarization for a Network Tunnel Group
    - View Global Routes
    - Establish an IPsec Tunnel
    - Supported IPsec Parameters
  - Routing Options and Guidelines for Network Tunnel Groups
    - NAT Mapping for Network Tunnel Groups
    - Static Routing
    - Dynamic Routing with BGP
    - Dynamic Routing with Multi-Region Backhaul
    - Global Routing
    - BGP Next-Hop Configuration
    - User VPN Pool Sizing and BGP Advertisement
    - Asymmetric Routes
    - Equal-Cost-Multi-Path (ECMP) Support
    - Route Summarization
- Network Tunnels by Device
  - Best Practices for Configuring Network Tunnels by Device
  - Configure Tunnels with Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN
  - Configure Automatic Tunnels with Catalyst SD-WAN
    - Enable DNS resolution
    - Configure API credentials in SD-WAN Manager
    - Create the Cisco Secure Access policy to be configured in the SD-WAN branches
    - Deploy the Cisco SSE policy to be configured in SD-WAN branches
      - Route-Based Redirection (Using Service Routes in a VPN)
      - Policy-Based Redirection (Using Application Priority and SLA Policy)
      - Tunnel Status Verification Using CLI Commands
      - Verify the Tunnel Status in the SD-WAN Manager Console
      - Verify the Tunnel Status in Secure Access Dashboard
  - Configure Tunnels with Cisco ISR
  - Configure Tunnels with Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance
  - Configure Tunnels with AWS Virtual Private Clouds and Elastic Compute instances
    - Deploy a New AWS Transit Gateway
    - Configure Two VPN Site-to-Site Connections to the New Transit Gateway
      - Configure the Second VPN Site-to-Site Connection
      - Configure the VPC Route Table to use the AWS Transit Gateway
  - Configure Tunnels with VeloCloud SD-WAN
  - Configure Tunnels with Cisco Secure Firewall
    - Configure NAT Policy
    - Configure Access Policy
    - Configure Secure Firewall VTI, PBR, and Per Tunnel Identity
      - Configure Tunnels in Secure Access
      - Configure Site-to-Site VPN
      - Configure Policy-based Routing
      - Configure Access Policy
    - Troubleshooting
      - Enable Logging for Debugging
  - Configure Tunnels with Meraki MX
    - Prerequisites for Tunnels with Meraki MX
    - Caveats and Considerations
    - Supported Use Cases and Requirements
    - Step 1: Add a Network Tunnel Group in Secure Access
    - Step 2: Configure a Tunnel in Meraki MX
    - Verification and Troubleshooting
    - Optional Configurations
  - Enroll Meraki SD-WAN Sites with Meraki Auto-VPN Tunnels
  - Configure Tunnels with NEC IX2000 Series Router
  - Site-to-Site VPN tunnels with Microsoft Azure
    - Configure Azure S2S Tunnels with Static Routing
    - Configure Azure S2S Tunnels with Dynamic Routing with BGP
  - Configure a Site-to-Site VPN tunnel with Amazon Web Services
- DNS and DDNS Servers
  - Manage DNS and DDNS Servers
  - Manage DNS Servers
    - Add a DNS Server
    - View DNS Servers
    - Edit a DNS Server
    - Delete a DNS Server
  - Map DNS Servers to Regions
  - Manage DDNS Servers
    - Add a DDNS Server Group
    - View DDNS Servers
    - Edit a DDNS Server
  - Map DDNS Servers to Regions
- Resource Connectors and Connector Groups
  - Manage Resource Connectors and Connector Groups
    - Requirements and Prerequisites for Resource Connectors and Connector Groups
      - Guidelines for Connector Groups
      - Requirements and Guidelines for Connectors
      - Connectivity Requirements
      - Capacity Requirements
    - Allow Resource Connector Traffic to Secure Access
      - Region-Specific Destinations
      - Destinations For All Regions
    - Add Resource Connector Groups
    - Add Connectors to a Connector Group
      - Step 1 – Deploy Secure Access Resource Connectors
      - Step 2 – Confirm Connectors
      - Step 3 – Assign Private Resources to Connector Group
    - Obtain the Connector Image
      - Get the Connector Image for AWS
      - Get the Connector Image for Microsoft Azure
      - Download the Connector Image for VMware
      - Get the Connector Image for Docker
    - Provisioning Keys for Resource Connectors
      - Copy the Provisioning Key for a Connector Group
    - Deploy a Connector in VMware
      - Step 1 – Extract the Connector Image for VMware Tar File
      - Step 2 – Verify the Integrity of the Image
        
        Validate the Signature
        
        Verify the Checksum of the Signing Key
      - Step 3 – Deploy the OVF Template
      - Step 4 – Power on Connector Instances
      - Step 5 – Confirm Connectors
    - Deploy a Connector in AWS
      - Get Connector Images on the AWS Marketplace
      - Step 1 – Launch an Amazon Machine Image for the Connector Instance
      - Step 2 – Configure the Connector
      - Step 3 – Launch the Connector Instance
    - Deploy a Connector in Azure
      - Step 1 – Get Connector Images on Microsoft Azure Marketplace
      - Step 2 – Configure the Resource Connector Virtual Machine
      - Step 3 – Connect to the Resource Connector Instance
    - Deploy a Connector in Docker
      - Set Up the Resource Connector and Container
      - Launch the Resource Connector in the Docker Container
      - Troubleshoot Container Deployments
        
        Setup Failures
        
        Check the Container's Status
        
        Get the Version of the Docker Container Image
        
        Stop the Container
        
        Restart the Container
        
        Delete the Container
        
        Run Diagnostic and Techsupport Scripts
    - Determine the Number of Connectors Needed in a Connector Group
    - Assign Private Resources to a Connector Group
      - Guidelines for Assigning a Private Resource to a Connector Group
      - Assign a Private Resource to a Connector Group
    - View a Connector Group's Connectors and Assigned Resources
    - Edit a Resource Connector Group
    - Disable, Revoke, or Delete Resource Connectors and Groups
      - Disable, Revoke, or Delete a Connector
      - Disable or Delete a Resource Connector Group
  - Maintain and Monitor Resource Connectors and Connector Groups
    - Monitor Connector Group Status
    - View Connector Groups in Secure Access
    - View Connectors in Secure Access
    - Monitor Connector Status
    - View a Connector's Status
    - Enable a Connector in Secure Access
    - Increase Connector Group Capacity
    - Check Connector CPU Load
  - Schedule Upgrade Windows or Delay for a Connector Group
    - Add Upgrade Windows for a Connector Group
    - Add Delay of Upgrades for a Connector Group
  - Troubleshoot Resource Connectors and Connector Groups
    - Throughput Capacity is Less Than Expected
    - Users Cannot Connect to Private Resources
    - Connector Software Auto-Upgrades
    - Connector Operating System (OS) Version has Security Vulnerabilities
    - Connector is Expired
    - Stop a Connector
    - Unable to Revoke or Delete a Connector
    - Unable to Sync
    - Connector-Related Status Graphs are not Current
    - (Container Only) Connector Troubleshooting Tools
    - (VM Only) Connector Diagnostics (CLI)
      - Run the Diagnostic Command on the Resource Connector
      - Supported Standard Linux Troubleshooting Commands
      - Run tcpdump on Resource Connectors
    - Diagnostic Codes
- Roaming Devices
  - Manage Roaming Devices
  - View Internet Security Settings for Roaming Devices
    - Procedure
      - Host Information
      - Secure Web Gateway
      - Security Information – IPv4
      - Security Information – IPv6
  - Edit Internet Security Settings for Roaming Devices
    - Procedure
      - Edit the Auto-Delete Interval for Roaming Devices
      - Disable the Internet Security Settings
      - Enable the Internet Security Settings
      - Remove the Internet Security Override on Roaming Devices
  - Delete a Roaming Device
- Private Resources
  - Manage Private Resources
    - Add a Private Resource
      - Define a Private Resource
      - Private Resource Address
      - Endpoint Connection Methods
        
        Client-Based Zero-Trust Connections
        
        Browser-Based Zero-Trust Connections
        
        VPN Connections
      - Resource Connector Groups
      - Decryption
      - View Access Rules Associated with a Private Resource
      - What's Next
    - Discover Private Resources
    - Map a Discovered Resource to Existing Private Resources
    - Test Private Resource Reachability
    - Add a Private Resource Group
    - Private Resource Configuration Examples
- Connections to Private Destinations
  - Manage Connections to Private Destinations
    - Using Private Resources for SaaS Internet Destinations
    - Comparison of Zero Trust Access and VPN
    - Timeout Intervals for Zero Trust Access Sessions
      - ZTA Connections to Private Resources
      - ZTA Connections to Private Resources with IPS or File Malware Scanning
      - ZTA Connections to Internet Destinations
    - Comparison of Client-Based and Browser-Based Zero Trust Access Connections
    - Requirements for Zero Trust Access
    - Configure Client-Based Zero Trust Access for Private Destinations
    - Configure Browser-Based Zero Trust Access to Private Resources
    - Network Authentication for Zero Trust Access
    - Connection Scenarios for Private Destinations
  - Manage Branch Connections
    - Endpoint Connection Methods
    - Branch Networks in Private Access Rules
      - Users and Groups Connections to Private Resources
      - Sources for Branch Network Connections
      - Destinations for Branch Network Connections
      - Source Connections to Destinations
    - Add an IPS Profile on Private Access Rules
    - Log Connections From Branch Networks to Private Resources
  - Allow SSH and RDP Access to Private Resources
    - Browser-Based Zero Trust Access
      - Configuration overview: Browser-based zero trust access using SSH or RDP
      - Notes for browser-based SSH and RDP access
      - Supported options for SSH access
    - Client-Based Zero Trust Access
  - Application Portal for Zero Trust Access Browser-Based User Access
    - Prerequisites
    - Configure an Application Portal for Zero Trust Access Browser-Based User Access
    - Filter Policies Based on Applications
    - (Optional) Modify Settings
- Network and Service Objects
  - Get Started with Network and Service Objects
    - Quickstart: Network and Service Objects
    - Access Rules with Network and Service Objects
    - Combine Destinations with Boolean Logic
  - Manage Network Objects and Groups
    - Get Started with Network Objects
      - Add a Network Object
      - About Importing a CSV File of Network Objects
        
        Upload CSV File with Network Objects
        
        Examples of Valid CSV Files
      - Edit a Network Object
      - Duplicate a Network Object
      - Delete a Network Object
    - Get Started with Network Object Groups
      - Add a Network Object Group
      - View Objects, Groups and Values in a Network Object Group
      - Edit a Network Object Group
      - Duplicate a Network Object Group
      - Delete a Network Object Group
    - View Network Objects and Groups
  - Manage Service Objects and Groups
    - Get Started with Service Objects
      - Add a Service Object
      - About Importing a CSV File of Service Objects
        
        Upload CSV File with Service Objects
        
        Examples of Valid CSV Files
      - Edit a Service Object
      - Duplicate a Service Object
      - Delete a Service Object
    - Get Started with Service Object Groups
      - Add a Service Object Group
      - View Objects, Groups and Values in a Service Object Group
      - Edit a Service Object Group
      - Duplicate a Service Object Group
      - Delete a Service Object Group
    - View Service Objects and Groups
- Manage API Keys
  - Manage API Keys
  - About Secure Access API Keys
    - Add an API Key
    - Refresh an API Key
    - Update an API Key
    - Delete an API Key
  - About Key Admin API Keys
    - Add a Key Admin API Key
    - Refresh a Key Admin API Key
    - Update a Key Admin API Key
    - Delete a Key Admin API Key
Identity and Access
- Users, Groups, and Endpoint Devices
  - Manage Users, Groups, and Endpoint Devices
    - Manage End-User Connectivity
    - View Users Provisioned in Secure Access
      - View User Details
    - View Group and Organizational Unit Details
      - Group Details
      - Organizational Unit Details
    - View Details for Endpoint Devices
      - View a Configured AD Device
  - Unenroll Devices for Client-Based Zero Trust Access
    - Reenroll the User Device on the Secure Client
  - Disconnect Remote Access VPN Sessions
- User Directories and Device Management
  - Manage User Directories and Device Management
  - Configure User Directory Integrations
    - View Directories
  - Manage Cloud Identity Providers
    - Add a Cloud Identity Provider
    - View an Integrated Cloud Provider
    - Edit an Identity Provider Integration
    - Delete an Identity Provider Integration
  - Manage API Keys for Provisioning Identities
    - Guidelines
    - Add the API Key for Managing Identities
    - Refresh the API Key for Managing Identities
    - Delete API Keys
    - View Details About Provisioned API Keys
    - View Details for Identities Provisioned with the API
    - View Endpoint Devices
  - Manage Active Directory Integration
    - Download the Active Directory Components
    - Edit the Active Directory Connector Auto-Upgrades
    - Edit Authentication Properties for the AD Integration
    - Enable DLP Email Notifications for Reporting Managers
    - View Active Directory Components
    - Manage Sites for AD Components
    - Delete Active Directory Integration
  - Manage Google Workspace Account
  - Manage Imported Users and Groups
    - Import Users and Groups from CSV File
      - CSV File Format
      - CSV File Fields
      - View Provisioned Users and Groups in Secure Access
    - Upload a New CSV File with Users and Groups
    - Delete an Imported CSV File
- Advanced User Configuration Settings
  - Manage Advanced Configuration Settings
    - Set Up Authentication Preferences for Identity Providers
    - Set Up IP Surrogates for SSO User Authentication
    - Set Up API Authentication
  - Manage IP Surrogates for User Authentication
    - How HTTPS Inspection Works
    - Enable IP Surrogates for User Authentication
    - Add Internal Networks for Bypass
    - Delete Internal Networks for Bypass
  - Manage Behaviour Analytics Configuration
    - Configure Analytics for DLP Violation Spike
      - Procedure
    - Configure Analytics for File Operations with AI
    - Configure Analytics for File Operations Manually
    - Configure Analytics for High-Risk Country File Activities
    - Configure Analytics for Impossible Travel
    - Configure Analytics for Anomalous MCP Activities
    - Configure Analytics for Unseen Location Activities
    - Configure Analytics for Traffic Spike and Destination Monitoring
    - UEBA Scope
    - Known Issues
- Identity Providers
  - Configure Identity Providers
  - Provision Users and Groups from Duo
    - Limits and Best Practices
    - Supported Features
    - Add the Duo IdP directory to Secure Access
    - View Provisioned Users and Groups in Secure Access
    - Refresh SCIM Token
    - Attribute Mapping (Mandatory)
  - Provision Users and Groups from Okta
    - Configure the Cisco User Management Connector App in Okta
      - Add the Cisco User Management Connector App in Okta
      - Enable In-App SAML SSO for the Cisco Management Connector in Okta
      - Add the Secure Access SCIM Token and URL in the App
      - Configure User Options in the App
    - (Optional) Add an objectGUID Attribute and Create the User Profile Mapping
      - Add the objectGUID Attribute
      - Create the User Profile Mappings
    - Customize the authName Attribute
    - Map the Custom authName Attribute to a User Profile
    - Assign Users or Groups in the App
    - Push Users or Groups from the App to Secure Access
    - View Logs in the App
  - Provision Users and Groups from Microsoft Entra ID
    - Configure Provisioning in Microsoft Entra ID
    - Configure Guest Users
- Provision Users, Groups, and Endpoint Devices from Active Directory
  - Provision Users, Groups, and Endpoint Devices from Active Directory
    - Prerequisites for AD Connectors
    - Connect Multiple Active Directory Domains
    - Active Directory Components
      - Add AD Components
        
        Verify Auditing of Logon Events on Domain Controllers
        
        Download the Windows Configuration Script for Domain Controllers
        
        Run the Windows Configuration Script for the Domain Controllers
        
        Add a Domain Controller
        
        Add a Domain
      - View AD Components
      - Assign a Load Balancing Group to AD Components
      - Edit Sites for AD Components
      - Delete AD Components
  - Manage AD Connectors
    - Configure Authentication for AD Connectors and VAs
      - How to Set Up Your API Credentials
        
        Step 1 – Create the Key Admin API Key Credentials
        
        Step 2 – Add the Key Admin API Key Credentials
      - Refresh Client API Key and Secret
      - Reset Client API Key
    - Configure Updates on AD Connectors
    - Connect Active Directory to Secure Access
      - Step 1 – Download the Active Directory Connector
      - Step 2 - Install the Active Directory Connector
    - (Optional) Specify AD Groups in Selective Sync File
      - Rename Selective Sync File After Upgrading to AD Connector v1.14.4
      - Create AD Groups in a Selective Sync File
    - Deploy LDIF Files for AD Connector
      - Step 1 – Download the Active Directory Connector
      - Step 2 – Install the Cisco AD Connector
      - Step 3 – Deploy the LDIF Source Files
      - Troubleshooting
    - Change the Connector Account Password
    - AD Connector Communication Flow and Troubleshooting
      - Communication Flow
      - Troubleshooting
  - Edit AD Authentication Properties
    - Best Practices: Configuring the AD Authentication Properties
  - Synchronize Active Directory Reporting Manager Email Addresses for DLP Notifications
  - AD Integration with Virtual Appliances
    - Network Diagram for VA Deployments
    - How to Set Up AD Components with VAs
    - Prerequisites for AD Connectors and VAs
    - Prepare Your AD Environment
      - About the AD Connector and Logon Events
      - Prerequisites
        
        Additional Prerequisites for the Windows Event Log Collector
      - Integrate AD with Domain Controllers
        
        Support for Multiple AD Domains and AD Forests
        
        Verify Auditing of Logon Events on Domain Controllers
        
        Download the Windows Configuration Script for Domain Controllers
        
        Run the Windows Configuration Script for the Domain Controllers
        
        Add a Domain Controller in Secure Access
        
        View the Registered AD Components in Secure Access
      - Integrate AD with a Centralized Windows Event Log Collector
        
        Step 1 – Add the Windows Event Log Collector in Secure Access
        
        Step 2 – Add the AD Domains in Secure Access
    - Connect Active Directory to VAs
      - How to Configure the Setup of the AD Connector
      - (Optional) Specify AD Groups in Selective Sync File
        
        Rename Selective Sync File After Upgrading to AD Connector v1.14.4
        
        Create AD Groups in a Selective Sync File
      - Step 1 – Add the Windows Event Log Collector in Secure Access
      - Step 2 – Download the Active Directory Connector
      - Step 3 - Install the Active Directory Connector
      - Change Connector Account Password
      - Configure Updates to AD Connectors
    - Configure Active Directory User Exceptions in Secure Access
      - Set up an AD User Exception
      - Set up an AD Group Exception
      - Set up AD IP Address Exception
    - Multiple AD Domains with Secure Access Sites
      - Active Directory Sites and Secure Access Sites
      - Use Secure Access Sites
- User Authentication Profiles
  - Manage User Authentication Profiles
    - Requirements for Configuring SSO Authentication Profiles
    - About the Default Provisioning Profile
    - Add SSO Authentication Profiles
    - View SSO Authentication Profiles
  - About Single Sign-On for Users
    - Sign-On for Provisioned Users
      - Scenario
      - Sample Sign-On Window
    - Sign-On for Non-Provisioned Users
      - Scenario
      - Sample Sign-On Window
  - Edit an SSO Authentication Profile
    - (OIDC Only) Get Metadata for OIDC Configuration URL
    - Edit SAML User Authentication Profile
    - Edit OIDC User Authentication Profile
  - Delete SSO Authentication Profile
    - Delete SAML User Authentication Profile
    - Delete OIDC User Authentication Profile
- Integrations with Open ID Connect Identity Providers
  - Configure Integrations with OIDC Identity Providers
    - About Using OpenID Connect with Secure Access
    - Use Cases – SSO Authentication
  - Configure Duo for OpenID Connect
    - Configure Duo SSO authentication through OIDC in Secure Access
    - View Provisioned Users and Groups in Secure Access
  - Configure Okta for OpenID Connect
    - Verify the UPN and preferred_username Mapping
    - Step 1 – Choose an Authentication Method
    - Step 2 – Add an Identity Provider
    - Step 3 – Configure the Identity Provider's OIDC Metadata
      - Step 3a – Add the Secure Access Redirect URI in Okta
      - Step 3b – Configure the Core Grants in Okta
      - Step 3c – Get the Okta OIDC Client ID and Secret
      - Step 3d – Get the Okta OIDC Configuration URL
    - Step 4 – Add the OIDC Metadata in Secure Access
  - Configure Microsoft Entra ID for OpenID Connect
    - Step 1 – Choose an Authentication Method
    - Step 2 – Add an Identity Provider
    - Step 3 – Configure the Identity Provider's OIDC Metadata
      - Step 3a – Add the Secure Access Redirect URI in Entra ID
      - Step 3b – Get the Client ID and Secret for Entra ID OIDC
      - Step 3c – Get the Tenant ID for Entra ID OIDC
    - Step 4 – Add the OIDC Metadata in Secure Access
- Integrations with SAML Identity Providers
  - Configure Integrations with SAML Identity Providers
    - Use Cases – SSO Authentication
    - Prerequisites for SAML Authentication
  - Configure Microsoft Entra ID for SAML
    - Step 1 – Add SSO Authentication Profile in Secure Access
    - Step 2 – Add SAML Identity Provider in Secure Access
    - Step 3 – Add the Identity Provider's SAML Metadata to Secure Access
      - Step 3a – Download the Secure Access Service Provider files
      - Step 3b – Add Secure Access Service Provider Metadata to Entra ID
      - Step 3c – Add the Entra ID SAML Metadata to Secure Access
  - Configure Okta for SAML
    - Step 1 – Add SSO Authentication Profile in Secure Access
    - Step 2 – Add Okta SAML Identity Provider in Secure Access
    - Step 3 – Download the Secure Access Service Provider Files
    - Step 4 – Configure Okta with the Secure Access SAML Metadata
    - Step 5 – Get Metadata from Okta App Integration
    - Step 6 – Add Okta Metadata in Secure Access
  - Configure AD FS for SAML
    - Step 1 – Add SSO Authentication Profile in Secure Access
    - Step 2 – Add AD FS Identity Provider in Secure Access
    - Step 3 – Add the Identity Provider's SAML Metadata to Secure Access
      - Step 3a – Download the Secure Access Service Provider files
      - Step 3b – Add the Secure Access Service Provider Metadata to AD FS
      - Step 3c – Add the SAML IdP Metadata to Secure Access
  - Configure Duo Security for SAML
    - Step 1 – Add SSO Authentication Profile in Secure Access
    - Step 2 – Add Duo Identity Provider in Secure Access
    - Step 3 – Add the Identity Provider's SAML Metadata to Secure Access
      - Step 3a – Download the Secure Access Service Provider files
      - Step 3b – Add Secure Access Service Provider Metadata to Duo Security
      - Step 3c – Add the Duo Security SAML Metadata to Secure Access
  - Configure Ping Identity for SAML
    - Step 1 – Add SSO Authentication Profile in Secure Access
    - Step 2 – Add Ping Identity Provider in Secure Access
    - Step 3 – Add the Identity Provider's SAML Metadata to Secure Access
      - Step 3a – Download the Secure Access Service Provider files
      - Step 3b – Add the Secure Access Service Provider Metadata to Ping Identity
      - Step 3c – Add the Ping Identity SAML Metadata to Secure Access
  - Configure OpenAM for SAML
    - Step 1 – Add SSO Authentication Profile in Secure Access
    - Step 2 – Add OpenAM Identity Provider in Secure Access
    - Step 3 – Add the Identity Provider's SAML Metadata to Secure Access
      - Step 3a – Download the Secure Access Service Provider files
      - Step 3b – Add Secure Access Service Provider Metadata to OpenAM
      - Step 3c – Add the OpenAM Metadata to Secure Access
  - SAML Certificate Renewal Options
  - Test SAML Identity Provider Integration
- Access Policies
  - Manage the Access Policy
    - About the Access Policy
      - Control Options on an Access Rule
    - Rule Data
      - Show Additional Data on Your Access Rules
      - Edit the Order of the Rules in Your Access Policy
    - Default Access Rules in Your Policy
      - View or Edit Default Access Rules
  - Manage Global Settings for Access Rules
    - Display User Input Field on Warn Pages
    - Microsoft 365 Compatibility
    - Decryption
    - Client Resolved Domain Destination List
    - Disable Decryption for Specific Sources
    - Decryption Logging
    - Certificate Pinning
  - Rule Defaults: Default Settings for Access Rules
    - Zero Trust Access: Endpoint Posture Profiles
    - Zero Trust Access: User Authentication Interval
      - User Authentication Default Interval Settings
    - Intrusion Prevention (IPS)
    - Security Profile
    - Isolation Profile
    - Tenant Control Profile
  - Edit Rule Defaults and Global Settings
  - Using Wildcard Masks on Access Rules
    - Wildcard Masks in Composite Sources or Destinations
    - Guidelines
    - Examples of Wildcard Masks
  - View Related Activity for an Access Policy Rule
  - View Related Events for an Access Policy Rule
- Internet Access Rules
  - Internet Access Rules
    - Default Settings for Internet Access Rules
    - Global Settings for Internet Access Rules
    - Components for Internet Access Rules
      - Sources
        
        Reusable Sources in Internet Access Rules
        
        Combining Reusable Sources in a Rule with Boolean Logic
        
        Composite Sources in Internet Access Rules
      - Destinations
        
        Reusable Destinations in Internet Access Rules
        
        Composite Destinations in Internet Access Rules
        
        Combining Multiple Destinations in a Rule (Boolean Logic)
      - Security Controls
        
        Intrusion Prevention (IPS)
        
        Security Profile
        
        Set Up Certificates for Decrypting Internet Traffic
        
        Configure Do Not Decrypt Lists
        
        Tenant Controls
        
        Advanced Security Controls
    - Control Egress IP Address for Select SaaS Internet Destinations
    - Ensure Rule Matching for Encrypted Internet Traffic
    - Block Internet Access to Geographic Locations
  - Add an Internet Access Rule
    - Access Criteria
      - Enable the Rule and Edit Your Logging Settings
      - Summary
      - Rule Name
      - Rule Order
      - Rule Action
      - Enable a Schedule on an Internet Access Rule
      - Pre-Configured Sources
      - Composite Sources
      - Pre-Configured Destinations
      - Select Applications with Objects or Groups on Rules
      - Select Application Protocols with Objects or Groups on Rules
      - Select Content Categories with Objects or Groups on Rules
      - Select Objects and Groups with Other Destinations on Rules
      - Add Reusable Network Objects on Rules
      - Edit Network Objects on Rules
      - Add Reusable Service Objects on Rules
      - Edit Service Objects on Rules
      - Add Composite Destinations on Rules
      - Edit Composite Destinations on Rules
      - Select Application Protocols with Composite Destinations on Rules
        
        How Application Protocols Combine with Composite Destinations
      - App Risk Profiles
      - Advanced Application Controls
        
        Applications with Advanced Controls
        
        Cloud Storage
        
        Collaboration
        
        Content Management
        
        Media
        
        Office Productivity
        
        P2P
        
        Social Networking
        
        Add Advanced Application Controls
        
        Troubleshooting Advanced Application Controls
      - About Configuring Threat Categories on Internet Access Rules
      - Isolation Profile Configuration
    - Security Control Options
      - Manage Advanced Security Controls
  - Geolocation Sources and Internet Access Rules
    - Sources
    - Add Geolocation Sources on Internet Access Rules
    - View Events Report
    - Filter the Report by Firewall Requests
    - Filter the Report by Web Requests
  - Edit an Internet Access Rule
  - About Isolated Destinations
    - Secure Access Package Support for RBI and Isolation Rules
    - Verifying Isolation
    - Limitations of Isolation
    - Isolate Downgrade
      - Filter Isolate Rules
      - Duplicate a Downgraded Isolate Rule
  - Troubleshoot Internet Access Rules
- Internet and SaaS Resources
  - Manage Internet and SaaS Resources
  - Manage Destination Lists
    - Add a Destination List
    - Upload Destinations From a File
    - Edit a Destination List
    - Search the Destination List
    - Delete a Destination List
    - Download Destinations to a CSV File
    - Control Access to Custom URLs
      - Block a URL
        
        URL Normalization
        
        URL Normalization for Destination Lists
        
        Troubleshooting Unblocked URLs
        
        Reporting for Blocked URLs
      - Examples
    - Control Access to Domains
    - About Client Resolved Domain Destination List
      - Add Domains in Client Resolved Domain Destination List
      - Download Domains in Client Resolved Destination List
      - Delete Domains in Client Resolved Domain Destination List
    - Troubleshoot Destination Lists
  - Manage Application Lists
    - Add an Application List
    - Application Categories
    - Edit an Application List
    - Delete an Application List
  - Manage Content Category Lists
    - Available Content Categories
    - Add a Content Category List
    - Delete a Content Category List
    - Request a Category for an Uncategorized Destination
    - Dispute a Content Category
    - View Content Categories in Reports
      - View Content Categories in Activity Search Report
      - View Content Categories in Top Threats Report
      - View Content Categories in Total Requests Report
      - View Content Categories in Activity Volume Report
      - View Content Categories in Top Destinations Report
      - View Content Categories in Top Categories Report
  - Manage Tenant Control Profiles
    - Control Cloud Access to Microsoft 365
    - Control Cloud Access to Google Workspace
    - Control Cloud Access to Slack
    - Control Cloud Access to Dropbox
    - Control Cloud Access to YouTube
    - Blocking Behavior for YouTube Tenant Control
    - Control Access to ChatGPT
    - Control Cloud Access to GitHub
    - Edit or Delete a Tenant Control Profile
    - Use Tenant Controls in Access Rules
    - Review Tenant Controls Through Reports
- Private Access Rules
  - Get Started With Private Access Rules
    - Default Settings for Private Access Rules
    - Global Settings for Private Access Rules
    - Components for Private Access Rules
      - Sources
        
        Reusable Sources in Private Access Rules
        
        Combining Multiple Sources in a Rule with Boolean Logic
        
        Composite Sources for Private Access Rules
      - Destinations
        
        Reusable Destinations in Private Access Rules
        
        Composite Destinations for Private Access Rules
        
        Combining Multiple Destinations in a Rule with Boolean Logic
      - Endpoint Posture Profiles (for Endpoint Requirements)
      - Security Controls
        
        Intrusion Prevention (IPS)
        
        Security Profile, for File Inspection and File Type Controls
    - About Endpoint Requirements in Access Rules
  - Add a Private Access Rule
    - Geolocation Sources and Private Access Rules
      - About Geolocation Sources
      - Add Geolocation Sources on Private Access Rules
      - View Events Report
      - Filter the Report by Firewall Requests
      - Filter the Report by Web Requests
    - Set Up the Private Access Rule
      - Enable the Rule and Edit Your Logging Settings
      - Add a Rule Name
      - Summary
      - Choose a Rule Order
      - Rule Action
      - Enable a Schedule on a Private Access Rule
      - Pre-Configured Sources
      - Add Composite Sources
      - Pre-Configured Destinations
      - Add Composite Destinations
      - Select Network and Service Objects on Private Access Rules
      - Endpoint Requirements
      - User Authentication Requirements
    - Configure Security Control Options
  - Geolocation Sources and Private Access Rules
    - About Geolocation Sources
    - Add Geolocation Sources on Private Access Rules
    - View Events Report
    - Filter the Report by Firewall Requests
    - Filter the Report by Web Requests
  - Edit a Private Access Rule
  - About ZTA Private Access Enforcement
    - Most Specific Match Enforcement Mode
    - Multi-App Match Enforcement Mode
      - Scenario 1: Multiple matching IP/CIDR destinations in different resources
      - Scenario 2: Multiple matching FQDN destinations in different resources
      - Scenario 3: Multiple matching rules by source and destination – rule ordering priority in effect
      - Scenario 4: Tie-breaker scenarios for multiple valid resource destinations in matched rule
    - Multi-App with Resolved IP Match Enforcement Mode
      - Scenario 1: FQDN resource-based rule at higher priority than IP resource-based rule
      - Scenario 2: IP resource-based rule at higher priority than FQDN resource-based rule
      - Scenario 3: Tie-breaker scenario for FQDN-IP overlap within the same rule
  - Allowing Traffic from Users and Devices on the Network
  - Blocking Access to Private Destinations
  - Troubleshoot Private Access Rules
- IPS Profiles
  - Manage IPS Profiles
    - How IPS Works
      - Hit Counts
      - Cisco-Provided IPS Signature Lists
    - Decryption is Required for Effective Intrusion Prevention
    - Exceptions for Traffic That Should Not be Decrypted
    - IPS is Used in Both Types of Access Rules
    - Add a Custom IPS Signature List
      - Procedure for Adding a Custom IPS Signature List
      - Reset a Signature's Action
- Security Profiles
  - Manage Security Profiles
  - Security Profiles for Internet Access
    - Functionality Included in a Security Profile for Internet Access
    - Decryption
    - SSO Authentication
    - Security and Acceptable Use Controls
    - End-User Notifications
    - Get Started: Security Profiles for Internet Access
    - Add a Security Profile for Internet Access
      - Add a Security Profile
      - Enable or Disable Decryption
      - SSO Authentication
      - Configure Security and Acceptable Use Controls
        
        Threat Categories
        
        File Inspection
        
        File Type Blocking
        
        SafeSearch
        
        AI Supply Chain Blocking
        
        AI Semantic Inspection
      - Configure End-User Notifications
      - View Security Profiles
      - Configure Additional Security Options
      - Add a Security Profile on Internet Access Rules
      - Edit a Security Profile
      - Delete a Security Profile
  - Enable SafeSearch
    - Confirm That SafeSearch is Working
      - Google
      - YouTube
      - Yahoo
      - Bing
  - Security Profiles for Private Access
    - Add a Security Profile for Private Access
- App Risk Profiles
  - Manage App Risk Profiles
    - App Risk Profile Attributes
    - Add an App Risk Profile
- Threat Categories
  - Manage Threat Categories
    - Threat Category Descriptions
    - Add a Threat Category List
    - Dispute a Threat Categorization
      - How to Dispute a Threat Categorization
- Traffic Decryption
  - Manage Traffic Decryption
    - Internet Access Features That Require Decryption
    - Internet Traffic That Should Not Be Decrypted
    - Decryption in Private Access Rules
    - Important Information About Do Not Decrypt Lists
    - Add a Do Not Decrypt List for Security Profiles and Internet Access
- Schedules for Access Rules
  - Manage Schedules
    - Add a Schedule
    - View and Manage Schedules
      - View Schedules in Secure Access
      - Edit a Schedule
      - Delete a Schedule
- Virtual Private Networks and Proxy Settings
  - Manage Virtual Private Networks
    - Manage Regions and IP Pools
      - Add a Region Configuration
      - Enable or Disable VPN Regions
      - Add an IP Pool
      - Assign an IP Pool
      - Modify IP Pools
      - Modify IP Pool Assignment
    - Manage RADIUS Servers and Groups
      - Add a RADIUS Group
      - Test a RADIUS Server Connection
    - Manage VPN Profiles
      - Add VPN Profiles Step 1 – General Settings
      - Add VPN Profiles Step 2 – Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
        
        Add VPN Profiles Step 2 - SAML
        
        Add VPN Profiles Step 2 - RADIUS
        
        Add VPN Profiles Step 2 - Certificates
      - Add VPN Profiles Step 3 – Traffic Steering (Split Tunnel)
        
        Step 3a – Traffic Steering (Split Tunnel)
        
        Step 3b – Proxy and DNS Steering Settings
      - Add VPN Profiles Step 4 – Cisco Secure Client Configuration
    - Import ASA Device Configuration Files for Remote Access VPN
      - Import an ASA Configuration to Secure Access Remote Access VPN Profile
        
        Download an ASA Configuration File with ASDM
        
        Download an ASA Configuration File with CLI
        
        Download the ASA XML File
      - Manage VPN Settings
        
        Manage Manual Host Entries for VPN Profiles
      - Manage Machine Tunnels
        
        Add a Machine Tunnel and Configure General Settings
        
        Configure Authentication for Machine Certificate
        
        Configure Traffic Steering (Split Tunnel)
        
        Define the Cisco Secure Client Configuration
        
        Authenticate Device Identity with Active Directory
        
        Configure Active Directory Endpoint Device Management
        
        Migrate AD User for Machine Tunnel to Identity Endpoint
  - Manage Machine Tunnels
    - Add a Machine Tunnel and Configure General Settings
      - Configure Authentication for Machine Certificate
      - Configure Traffic Steering (Split Tunnel)
      - Define the Cisco Secure Client Configuration
    - Authenticate Device Identity with Active Directory
      - Configure Active Directory Endpoint Device Management
    - Migrate AD User for Machine Tunnel to Identity Endpoint
  - Manage Application-Based Remote Access VPN (Per App VPN)
    - Manage Custom Attributes
      - About Cisco Secure Client on Mobile Devices
        
        Guidelines and Limitations for Secure Client AnyConnect on Android
        
        Guidelines and Limitations for Secure Client AnyConnect on Apple iOS
      - Define Custom Attributes
        
        Define Per App VPN Custom Attributes
        
        Step 1 - Determine the Application IDs for Mobile Applications
        
        Step 2 - Create a Base64 Encoded String for Each Mobile Application
        
        Step 3 - Create a Custom Attribute Object
        
        Define Bypass Virtual Subnets Custom Attributes
        
        Edit Cisco Secure Client Settings
  - Manage Secure Client Scripts
    - Guidelines and Limitations
    - Enable Secure Client Scripts
    - Upload Secure Client Scripts
  - Manage VPN Connection Posture Profiles
    - Add a VPN Connection Posture Profile
  - Manage Proxy Chaining
    - Forwarded-For (XFF) Configuration
- Zero Trust Access
  - Manage Client-Based Zero Trust Access in Secure Access
    - What is ZTA and How Does it Compare to VPN?
    - Zero Trust Access Use Cases
    - Block HTTPS Pages with Zero Trust Access
    - Regional Static IP for Client-based ZTA for Edgev2
    - Zero Trust Access with Captive Portal Detection
    - Zero Trust Access Logs
    - Zero Trust Access Requirements and Limitations
    - Post Zero Trust Access Enrollment Action Items
  - Traffic Steering for Zero Trust Access Client-Based Connections
    - Best Practices
    - Limits: Zero Trust Traffic Steering Rules
    - Manage the DNS Steering Rule in a Zero Trust Access Profile
    - Add a Zero Trust Access Profile
    - Edit a Zero Trust Traffic Rule
    - Delete a Zero Trust Traffic Rule
    - Enable Client-Based Zero Trust Access to Destinations
    - Using Wildcards to Configure Traffic Steering for Private Destinations
      - Procedure for Configuring Traffic Steering for Private Destinations Using Wildcards
    - Addresses That Never Use Zero Trust Access
    - Zero Trust Access to Internet Destinations
      - Zero Trust Access to Internet Destinations Overview
    - Trusted Networks for Zero Trust Access Connections
      - Add a Trusted Network
    - Manage Threat Defense Devices for Universal Zero Trust Network Access
      - View Threat Defense devices configured for Universal Zero Trust Network Access
        
        Procedure
      - Associate Private Resources with Threat Defense Devices
        
        Associate Private Resources with Firewall Threat Defense
      - Assign a Trusted Network to Threat Defense devices
        
        Procedure
  - Manage User Trust Profile Zero Trust Access
    - Enable User Trust Profile
    - Bypass Untrusted User
  - Manage Zero Trust Access Posture Profiles
    - Add a Client-Based Zero Trust Access Posture Profile
    - Add a Browser-based Zero Trust Access Posture Profile
    - View a Browser-based Zero Trust Access Posture Profile
- Endpoint Security
  - Manage Endpoint Security
    - Endpoint Posture Assessment
    - Endpoint Attributes
      - Supported Operating Systems
      - Firewall Conditions
      - Endpoint Security Agents
      - System Password Enforcement
      - Disk Encryption
      - Supported Browsers
      - Windows Registry Conditions
      - Windows Domain Join
      - File Conditions
      - Process Conditions
      - Certificate Conditions
    - View a Endpoint Posture
Security Protection and Enforcement
- Virtual Appliances
  - Get Started with Virtual Appliances
    - Supported Deployments
    - How Secure Access Virtual Appliances Work
    - Virtual Appliances and Granular Identity Information
      - Without Virtual Appliances
      - With Virtual Appliances
    - Active Directory Integration
    - Configure Granular Rules
    - Prerequisites for Virtual Appliances
      - Endpoint Software
      - Virtual Appliance Requirements and Prerequisites
      - Networking Requirements
        
        Allow Connections to Secure Access Domains and Services
        
        Network Time Protocol Servers
        
        Intrusion Protection Systems (IPS) and Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)
        
        Network Address Translation (NAT)
      - Encrypting Traffic with DNSCrypt
    - Virtual Appliance Deployment Guidelines
      - Deploy Virtual Appliances in Pairs
      - Multiple DNS Egresses
      - Single DNS Egress
      - Double NAT
    - Virtual Appliance Sizing Guide
      - High-Traffic Sites and Virtual Appliances
      - AD Connector Sizing Guidelines
      - Deployment Considerations
        
        Overall Latency
        
        Number of Secure Access Sites
        
        Number of Users for a VA
  - Manage VAs in Secure Access
    - Configure Authentication for Virtual Appliances
      - How to Set Up Your API Credentials
      - Procedure for Configuring Authentication for Virtual Appliances
        
        Step 1 – Create the Key Admin API Key Credentials
        
        Step 2 – Add the Key Admin API Key Credentials
      - Refresh Client API Key and Secret
      - Reset Client API Key
    - Manage DNS Forwarders
      - Procedure for Managing DNS Forwarders
        
        View the DNS Forwarders
        
        Sync the Configuration Settings to Deployed VAs
        
        Edit a Site
        
        Upgrade a Virtual Appliance
        
        Reset Password
        
        Delete a Virtual Appliance
    - Manage Site for Virtual Appliance
      - Procedure for Managing Site for Virtual Appliance
        
        Add a Site
        
        Select a Site
        
        Rename a Site
        
        Delete a Site
    - Configure Updates for Virtual Appliances
      - How Secure Access Updates Your Virtual Appliance
      - Procedure for Configuring Updates for Virtual Appliances
        
        Configure Automatic Updates of Virtual Appliances
        
        Manually Configure Update of a Virtual Appliance
        
        Postpone Updates to Virtual Appliances
    - Configure Failover to Third-Party Resolvers
      - Enable Third-Party Resolver Failover
      - Verify the Current Resolver on the Virtual Appliance
  - Deploy Virtual Appliances
    - Deploy VAs in Hyper-V for Windows 2012 or Higher
      - Procedure for Deploying VAs in Hyper-V for Windows 2012 or Higher
        
        Step 1 – Download and Extract the Hyper-V Installer
        
        Step 2 – Import the Virtual Appliance
        
        Step 3 – Copy and Rename Image Files
        
        Step 4 – Select Network Adapter
        
        Step 5 – Select Hard Drive
        
        Step 6 – Power on the Virtual Machine
        
        Step 7 – Repeat for the Second Virtual Appliance
    - Deploy VAs in VMware
      - Procedure for Deploying VAs in VMware
        
        Step 1 – Download OVF Template
        
        Step 2 – Deploy OVF Template
        
        Step 3 – Deploy a Second Virtual Appliance
        
        Step 4 – Power on the Virtual Machines
    - Deploy VAs in Microsoft Azure
      - Procedure for Deploying VAs in Microsoft Azure
        
        Step 1 – Prepare the Virtual Appliance Image on Azure
        
        Step 2 – Launch the Virtual Appliance on Azure
    - Deploy VAs in Amazon Web Services
      - Procedure for Deploying VAs in Amazon Web Services
        
        Step 1 – Prepare the Virtual Appliance Amazon Machine Image
        
        Step 2 – Launch the Virtual Appliance on Amazon Web Services
    - Deploy VAs in Google Cloud Platform
      - Procedure
        
        Step 1 – Prepare the Virtual Appliance Instance Template on GCP
        
        Step 2 – Launch the Virtual Appliance on Google Cloud Platform
    - Deploy VAs in KVM
      - Procedure for Deploying VAs in KVM
        
        Step 1 – Download and Extract the KVM Installer
        
        Step 2 – Launch the Virtual Appliance on KVM
    - Deploy VAs in Nutanix
    - Deploy VAs in Alibaba Cloud
      - Procedure
        
        Download and Extract the Hyper-V Installer
        
        Alibaba Cloud Setup
        
        Create an Alibaba Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
        
        Create a Bucket for the Secure Access VAs
        
        Configure a ZIP Package Decompression Rule
        
        Upload the Secure Access VHD Images to the OSS Bucket
      - Create a Custom Image
      - Deploy the Secure Access VAs from the Imported Custom Image
        
        What's Next
      - First-time Login to Secure Access VA
        
        Related Topics
        
        Dual-NIC Support on the VA
        
        IP Addressing
        
        Anycast Configuration Support
        
        DNS Performance on Alibaba ECS Instances
        
        Extensions on Alibaba ECS Instances
  - Configure Virtual Appliances
    - Enter Configuration Mode on a VA Deployed on VMware, Hyper-V, or KVM
    - Enter Configuration Mode on a VA Deployed in Azure, AWS, or Google Cloud Platform
    - Configure the VA Through Configuration Mode
    - Configure a Second VA
    - Configure Settings on VAs
      - Configure Rate Limiting
      - Configure NTP Servers
      - Configure Secure Access Resolvers
      - Configure DNSSEC Support
      - Configure Logging to Remote Syslog Server
        
        Configure the Destination of the Remote Syslog Server
        
        Configure Log Export Internal DNS
        
        Configure Log Export Enable Health
        
        Configure Log Export Enable Admin
        
        Configure Log Export Enable All
        
        Configure Log Export Status
        
        Turn Off Logging
      - Configure Dual-NIC Support on the VA
        
        Configure an Existing VA to Support Dual-NIC
        
        Deploy a New VA to Support Dual-NIC DMZ Mode
      - Configure Anycast
        
        Configure Anycast over BGP on the VA
        
        Configure Load Balancing
        
        Configure Identity Association Timeouts
        
        Configure API Key Credentials for Authentication
        
        Configure the Client ID and Client Secret
  - Local DNS Forwarding
    - Manage Domains in the VA
      - Which domains should be added?
      - (Optional) Add A and PTR Records for the VAs
    - Configure Local DNS Servers on the VA
      - Examples
  - Test Virtual Appliance Deployments
    - Resolve Public and Local DNS Queries
    - Test with Endpoints
    - Transition Production Traffic
  - SNMP Monitoring for Virtual Appliances
    - Enable SNMP Monitoring
      - Configure SNMP in Secure Access Virtual Appliance
      - SNMP Command Syntax
    - Standard OIDs Supported by the Virtual Appliance
    - Extended OIDs Supported by the Virtual Appliance
  - Troubleshoot Virtual Appliances
    - Use Configuration Mode to Troubleshoot
    - Troubleshoot Intermittent DNS Resolution Failures on a VA Deployed on Azure
    - Troubleshoot DNS Resolution in Configuration Mode
    - Troubleshoot DNS Resolution Failures Behind a Firewall
- File Inspection and Analysis
  - Manage File Inspection and File Analysis
    - Overview of Configuring File Inspection and Analysis
    - File Inspection Details
      - Cisco Advanced Malware Protection (AMP)
      - Antivirus Scanner
    - Cisco Secure Malware Analytics (formerly Threat Grid) Details
      - Supported Files and File Limitations
      - Secure Malware Analytics Sandbox
  - Enable File Inspection
    - Prerequisites for Enable File Inspection
    - Procedure for Enable File Inspection
  - Enable File Analysis by Cisco Secure Malware Analytics
    - Prerequisites for Enable File Analysis by Cisco Secure Malware Analytics
    - Procedure for Enable File Analysis by Cisco Secure Malware Analytics
  - Test File Inspection for Internet Access
    - Block Page Diagnostic Information
  - Monitor File Inspection and Analysis Activity
    - Monitor and Review Secure Malware Analytics
      - Monitor File Submission Limits
  - Troubleshoot File Inspection and Analysis
- File Type Controls
  - Manage File Type Controls
    - File Types to Block
  - Enable File Type Controls
    - Enable File Type Blocking for Internet Access
    - Enable File Type Blocking for Private Access
    - Review File Type Controls Through Reports
- Notification Pages
  - Manage Notification Pages
    - View Notification Pages Displayed to End Users
    - About Warn Pages for Internet Access Traffic
    - Warn Page: Enter Key Word and Continue to Destination
    - Preview Notification Pages
    - System-Provided Notification Pages for Firewall and Secure Web Gateway
    - Create Custom Block and Warn Pages
      - Create Custom Block and Warn Pages
      - Link a Custom Notification Page Appearance to a Security Profile
    - Allow Users to Contact an Administrator
      - Procedure for Allowing Users to Contact an Administrator
    - Block Page IP Addresses
- Data Loss Prevention
  - Manage the Data Loss Prevention Policy
    - Best Practices for the Data Loss Protection Policy
    - Supported File and Form Types
    - Understand Exclusions in a Real Time Rule
    - Supported Applications
  - Add a Real Time Rule to the Data Loss Prevention Policy
    - Create a DLP Real Time Rule Step 1 — Establish General Settings
    - Create a DLP Real Time Rule Step 2 — Select Data Classifications
    - Create a DLP Real Time Rule Step 3 — Select Files Controls
    - Create a DLP Real Time Rule Step 4 — Select Identities
    - Create a DLP Real Time Rule Step 5 — Select Destinations for Inclusion
    - Create a DLP Real Time Rule Step 6 — Select Destinations for Exclusion
    - Create a DLP Real Time Rule Step 7 — Select the Rule Action
    - Create a DLP Real Time Rule Step 8 — Disable/Enable Payload Transmission for DLP Violations (ICAP Only)
    - Create a DLP Real Time Rule Step 9 — Enable and Configure Pop-Up Notifications for Violations
    - Create a DLP Real Time Rule Step 10 — Enable and Configure Email Notifications for Violations
  - Add a SaaS API Rule to the Data Loss Prevention Policy
    - Create a DLP SaaS API Rule Step 1 — Establish General Settings
    - Create a DLP SaaS API Rule Step 2 — Select Data Classifications
    - Create a DLP SaaS API Rule Step 3 — Select Files Controls
    - Create a DLP SaaS API Rule Step 4 — Select Platform and Tenant
    - Create a DLP SaaS API Rule Step 5 — Select Users
    - Create a DLP SaaS API Rule Step 6 — Select Resource Labels
    - Create a DLP SaaS API Rule Step 7 — Select Resources
    - Create a DLP SaaS API Rule Step 8 — Configure Exposure Settings
    - Create a DLP SaaS API Rule Step 9 — Select Action
    - Create a DLP SaaS API Rule Step 10 — Enable and Configure Email Notifications
  - Add an AI Guardrails Rule to the Data Loss Prevention Policy
    - Create a DLP AI Guardrails Rule Step 1 — Establish General Settings
    - Create a DLP AI Guardrails Rule Step 2 — Select Data Classifications
    - Create a DLP AI Guardrails Rule Step 3 — Select Files Controls
    - Create a DLP AI Guardrails Rule Step 4 — Select Identities
    - Create a DLP AI Guardrails Rule Step 5 — Select Destinations
    - Create a DLP AI Guardrails Rule Step 6 — Select the Rule Action
    - Create a DLP AI Guardrails Rule Step 7 — Enable and Configure Pop-Up Notifications for Violations
    - Create a DLP AI Guardrails Rule Step 8 — Enable and Configure Email Notifications for Violations
  - Integrate Email Threat Defense with Secure Access DLP
  - Add an Email Rule to the Data Loss Prevention Policy
    - Create a DLP Email Rule Step 1 — Establish General Settings
    - Create a DLP Email Rule Step 2 — Select Data Classifications
    - Create a DLP Email Rule Step 3 — Select Files Controls
    - Create a DLP Email Rule Step 4 — Select the Senders
    - Create a DLP Email Rule Step 5 — Select the Recipients
    - Create a DLP Email Rule Step 6 — Select the Rule Action
    - Create a DLP Email Rule Step 7 — Enable and Configure Pop-Up Notifications for Violations
    - Create a DLP Email Rule Step 8 — Enable and Configure Email Notifications for Violations
  - Discovery Scan
    - Initiate a Discovery Scan
    - Cancel a Discovery Scan
  - Edit a Data Loss Prevention Rule
  - Delete a Data Loss Prevention Rule
  - Enable or Disable a Data Loss Prevention Rule
    - Disable a Rule
    - Enable a Rule
  - Manage Global Settings
- Data Classifications
  - Manage Data Classifications
  - Create a Data Classification
    - Procedure for Creating a Data Classification
  - Copy and Customize a Built-In Data Classification
    - HIPAA Data Classification
    - Procedure for Copy and Customize a Built-In Data Classification
  - Delete or Edit a Classification
    - Delete a Classification
    - Edit a Classification
  - Exact Data Match Identifiers
    - Prerequisites for Exact Data Match Identifiers
    - Create an Exact Data Match Identifier
    - Index Data for an EDM
      - Prerequisites for Index Data for an EDM
      - Run the DLP Indexer to Create an EDM Identifier
      - Update the Indexed Data Set Periodically
      - Troubleshooting
    - Exact Data Match Field Types
      - Supported EDM Types
  - Indexed Document Match Identifiers
    - Limitations
    - Create an Indexed Document Match Identifier
    - Monitor the Indexed Data Set and Re-Index as Needed
    - Troubleshooting
  - Built-In Data Classifications
- Built-in Data Identifiers
  - Built-in Data Identifiers
    - Tolerances
    - Copy and Customize a Data Identifier
    - Create a Custom Identifier
    - Custom Regular Expression Patterns
    - Individual Data Identifiers
- AI Guardrails Data Classifications
  - AI Guardrails Data Classifications
- Secure ICAP
  - Manage Secure ICAP
    - Secure ICAP Integration
    - Modify an ICAP Server Connection
    - Disconnect from an ICAP Server
- Requirements for Salesforce Tenants
  - Requirements for Salesforce Tenants for Cloud Malware and SaaS API DLP
    - Salesforce sObjects Supported for SaaS API DLP
    - Install or Update Node.js
    - Install the Salesforce CLI
    - Deploy the Salesforce Quarantine Package to your Salesforce Tenant
    - Log In to Your Salesforce Org
    - Set Permissions in Salesforce
- SaaS API Data Loss Prevention
  - Manage SaaS API Data Loss Prevention
  - Enable SaaS API Data Loss Prevention for AWS Tenants
    - Enable CloudTrail Event Logging for S3 Buckets and Objects
    - Obtain Your AWS Account ID
    - Authorize an AWS Tenant
    - Create an AWS Stack
    - Revoke Authorization
  - Enable SaaS API Data Loss Prevention for Azure Tenants
    - Authorize an Azure Tenant
    - Run an Azure PowerShell Script to Obtain Account Information
    - Revoke Authorization
  - Enable SaaS API Data Loss Prevention for Box Tenants
    - Authorize a Tenant
    - Revoke Authorization
  - Enable SaaS API Data Loss Prevention for Confluence Tenants
  - Enable SaaS API Data Loss Prevention for Dropbox Tenants
    - Authorize a Tenant
    - Revoke Authorization
  - Enable SaaS API Data Loss Prevention for GitHub Tenants
    - Authorize a Tenant
    - Install the GitHub connector
    - Validation
    - Revoke Authorization
  - Enable SaaS API Data Loss Prevention for Google Drive Tenants
    - Validation
    - Authorize a Tenant
    - Revoke Authorization
  - Enable SaaS API Data Loss Prevention for Jira Tenants
  - Enable SaaS API Data Loss Prevention for Microsoft 365 Tenants
    - Prerequisites for Enable SaaS API Data Loss Prevention for Microsoft 365 Tenants
    - Authorize a Microsoft 365 Tenant
    - Revoke Authorization
  - Enable SaaS API Data Loss Prevention for Salesforce Tenants
  - Enable SaaS API Data Loss Prevention for Salesforce Commerce Tenants
  - Enable SaaS API Data Loss Prevention for ServiceNow Tenants
    - Find the Instance Name for your ServiceNow admin Account
    - Assign the oauth_user role to the ServiceNow admin Account
    - Add an OAuth Client to Your ServiceNow Deployment
    - Authorize a Tenant
    - Revoke Authorization
    - View the Cisco Quarantine Table in Service Now
  - Enable SaaS API Data Loss Prevention for Slack Tenants
    - Authorize a Tenant
    - Revoke Authorization
  - Enable SaaS API Data Loss Prevention for Webex Teams
    - Authorize a Tenant
    - Revoke Authorization
- Cloud Malware Protection
  - Manage Cloud Malware Protection
  - Cloud Access Security Broker Protection for Google Drive and Microsoft 365
  - Enable Cloud Malware Protection
  - Revoke Authorization for a Platform
  - Enable Cloud Malware Protection for AWS Tenants
    - Enable CloudTrail Event Logging for S3 Buckets and Objects
    - Obtain Your AWS Account ID
    - Authorize an AWS Tenant
    - Create an AWS Stack
    - Revoke Authorization
  - Enable Cloud Malware Protection for Azure Tenants
    - Authorize an Azure Tenant
    - Run an Azure PowerShell Script to Obtain Account Information
    - Revoke Authorization
  - Enable Cloud Malware Protection for Box Tenants
    - Verify Box Application Settings
    - Authorize a Tenant
    - Edit a Tenant
    - Revoke Authorization
  - Enable Cloud Malware Protection for Confluence Tenants
  - Enable Cloud Malware Protection for Dropbox Tenants
    - Authorize a Tenant
    - Edit a Tenant
    - Revoke Authorization
  - Enable Cloud Malware Protection for GitHub
    - Authorize a Tenant
    - Revoke Authorization
  - Enable Cloud Access Security Broker Features for Google Drive
    - Authorize a Tenant
    - Edit a Tenant
    - Revoke Authorization
  - Enable Cloud Malware Protection for Jira Tenants
  - Enable Cloud Access Security Broker Protection for Microsoft 365 Tenants
    - Prerequisites for Enable Cloud Access Security Broker Protection for Microsoft 365 Tenants
    - Authorize a Tenant
    - Edit a Tenant
    - Revoke Authorization
  - Enable Cloud Malware Protection for Salesforce Tenants
    - Edit a Salesforce Cloud Malware Tenant
  - Enable Cloud Malware Protection for ServiceNow Tenants
    - Find the Instance Name for your ServiceNow admin Account
    - Assign the oauth_user role to the ServiceNow admin Account
    - Add an OAuth Client to Your ServiceNow Deployment
    - Authorize a Tenant
    - Edit a Tenant
    - Revoke Authorization
    - View the Cisco Quarantine Table in Service Now
  - Enable Cloud Malware Protection for Slack Tenants
    - Authorize a Tenant
    - Edit a Tenant
    - Revoke Authorization
  - Enable Cloud Malware Protection for Webex Teams
    - Authorize a Tenant
    - Revoke Authorization
- Remote Browser Isolation
  - Get Started with Remote Browser Isolation
  - Manage Remote Browser Isolation Profiles
    - System Default Profile
    - Create a Remote Browser Isolation Profile
    - Edit or Delete a Remote Browser Isolation Profile
  - Remote Browser Isolation Advanced Isolation Controls Reference
    - Watermarking
    - Copy, Paste and Keyboard Control
    - Document Isolation
    - File Transfers
- Internet Security
  - Manage Internet Security
    - Set Up Internet Security on User Devices
      - Procedure for Setting Up Internet Security on User Devices
        
        Download the OrgInfo.json File
        
        Copy the PAC File URL
    - Manage Internet Security Bypass
      - Add Destinations for Internet Security Bypass
      - View Destinations for Internet Security Bypass
      - Edit Destination for Internet Security Bypass
      - Delete Destinations for Internet Security Bypass
    - Configure Cisco Secure Client Settings
      - Procedure
      - Configure Security Settings
        
        Configure DNS and Web Security
      - Configure Advanced Security Settings
        
        Use Active Directory for Access Policy
        
        Third Party VPN Compatibility
        
        DNS Protection
        
        Alternate Resolver IPs
        
        DNS Backoff Settings
        
        Secure Web Gateway Backoff Settings
- PAC Files
  - Manage PAC Files
    - Requirements for Downloading PAC Files to User Devices
    - About Using the Secure Client with PAC Files
    - Managing PAC File Deployments
    - Deploy the Secure Access PAC File for Windows
      - Copy URL for Default PAC File or Custom PAC File
        
        Copy URL for the the Secure Access PAC File
        
        Copy URL for Custom PAC File
      - Procedure for Deploying Secure Access PAC File URL
        
        Deploy the Secure Access PAC File URL for Chrome and Edge Browsers
        
        Deploy the Secure Access PAC File URL for Firefox
    - Deploy the Secure Access PAC File for macOS
      - Copy URL for Default PAC File or Custom PAC File
        
        Copy URL for Secure Access PAC File
        
        Copy URL for Custom PAC File
      - Procedure
        
        Deploy the Secure Access PAC File URL to Chrome
        
        Deploy the Secure Access PAC File URL to Firefox
        
        Deploy the Secure Access PAC File URL to Safari
    - Customize the Secure Access PAC File
      - Procedure for Customizing the Secure Access PAC File
        
        Copy the Secure Access PAC File
        
        Download the Secure Access PAC File
        
        Edit the PAC File
    - Upload Custom PAC Files to Secure Access
    - Manage Uploaded Custom PAC Files
- Certificates
  - Manage Certificates
    - Certificate Installation Methods
  - Certificates for Internet Decryption
    - Certificates for Decrypting Internet Traffic
      - Option 1: Distribute Self-Signed Certificates to End-User Devices
      - Option 2: Use a Signed Certificate for Decrypting Internet Traffic
  - Manage Certificates for Private Resource Decryption
    - Install a Certificate Authority Certificate on a Private Resource
    - Upload Private Resource Certificates
    - View Notifications About Expired Private Resource Certificates
    - View, Delete, or Replace a Private Resource Certificate
  - Install the Cisco Secure Access Root Certificate
    - Download the Cisco Secure Access Root Certificate
    - Automatically Install the Cisco Secure Access Root Certificate (For an Active Directory Network)
      - Install the Cisco Secure Access Root Certificate with Group Policy Using the Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
      - Install the Cisco Secure Access Root Certificate with Group Policy Using the Group Policy Management Console (GPMC)
    - Install the Cisco Secure Access Root Certificate in Firefox Using Group Policy
    - Install the Cisco Secure Access Root Certificate on Chromebooks Using the Google Admin Console
    - Manually Install the Cisco Secure Access Root Certificate (Single Computer)
      - Install the Cisco Secure Access Root Certificate in Edge or Chrome on Windows
      - Install the Cisco Secure Access Root Certificate in Firefox on Windows
      - Install the Cisco Secure Access Root Certificate in All Browsers on Mac OS X
      - Install the Cisco Secure Access Root Certificate on Mac OS X Through the Command Line
      - Install the Cisco Secure Access Root Certificate in Chromium or Chrome on Linux
  - Add Custom CA Signed Root Certificate
    - Certificate Requirements
    - Install Root Certificate in Browsers
    - Adding a Custom CA Signed Root Certificate
    - Renew the Custom CA Signed Root Certificate
  - View the Cisco Trusted Root Store
    - Extract the Certificates
    - View an Individual Certificate File
  - Certificates for SAML Authentication
    - Manage SAML Certificates for Service Providers
      - View Notifications About Expired Service Provider Certificates
      - Download Web Security and Zero Trust Service Provider Certificates
      - Download Virtual Private Network Service Provider Certificates
    - Manage SAML VPN Service Provider Certificate Rotation
      - View Notifications About Expired Service Provider Certificates
      - Activate a New VPN Service Provider Certificate
    - Manage SAML Certificates for Identity Providers
  - VPN Certificates for User and Device Authentication
  - Manage CA Certificates for VPN Connections and Zero Trust Access Enrollment
    - View Notifications About Expired CA Certificates for Client Authentication
    - Upload Certificate Authority (CA) Certificates for client authentication
    - View Uploaded CA Certificates
    - Manage Certificate Revocation Settings
    - View CA Certificate Details
    - Change the Purpose of an Uploaded CA Certificate
    - Delete a Client Authentication CA Certificate
- Secure Access Investigate
  - Manage Secure Access Investigate
    - Getting Started with Investigate
      - Smart Search
      - Smart Search Best Practices
      - Pattern Search
      - Conduct a Pattern Search
        
        About Pattern Search
        
        Procedure
        
        RegEx Examples
    - About Passive DNS
    - About Investigate View Types
  - About the Investigate Domain Summary
    - Domain Summary Details
    - Investigate Domain Risk Score
    - Keyword Score
    - Lexical Score
    - TLD Score
    - Geo Popularity
    - About Investigate Passive DNS Timeline
    - Dispute Content Categorization
    - About DNS Resolution in Investigate
    - About Associated Samples in Investigate
    - About the Subdomains Tab in Investigate
    - About Related Domains in Investigate
    - About the Geographic Distribution View in Investigate
    - About the Sample View in Investigate
    - About the IP Address View in Investigate
  - About WHOIS Record Information
    - About the WHOIS Nameserver View
    - FAQs
  - About the ASN View
    - Current Information
    - Current Routes
    - Research AS From IP Address View
Mobile Device Management
- Client-based Zero Trust Access from Mobile Devices
  - Get Started and Manage Client-based Zero Trust Access from Mobile Devices
  - Set up the Zero Trust Access App for iOS Devices
    - Guidelines and Limitations
    - Configure iOS Settings
    - Install the App
    - Have End Users Enroll in Zero Trust Access
    - Notes for administrators
  - Set up the Zero Trust Access App for Android Devices
    - Configure Cisco Secure Access
    - Install the App
    - Notes for administrators
  - Set up the Zero Trust Access App for Android on Samsung Devices
    - Configure Android Settings in Secure Access
    - Install the App
    - (Optional) Set up the Android device for Zero Trust Access using MDM
      - Add the app to MDM
      - Set up the App on the Samsung Device
    - Enroll the Device in Zero Trust Access
    - Notes for administrators
  - Monitor and Troubleshoot the Zero Trust Access App from Mobile Devices
    - Troubleshoot iOS Devices
    - Troubleshoot Samsung Devices Running Android OS
    - Troubleshoot access issues
- Cisco Secure Client on Windows, macOS, and Linux Devices
  - Get Started with Cisco Secure Client on Windows, macOS, and Linux Devices
  - Windows, macOS, and Linux Device Prerequisites
  - Download and Install Cisco Secure Client
    - ThousandEyes Endpoint Agent Module
  - Download the OrgInfo.json File
  - Manual Installation of Cisco Secure Client (Windows and macOS)
  - Mass Deployment Overview
    - Customization Options
  - Mass Deployment (Windows)
  - Customize Windows Installation of Cisco Secure Client
    - (Optional) OrgInfo.json Parameter Configurations
  - Mass Deployment (macOS)
  - Customize macOS Installation of Cisco Secure Client
    - Step 1 – Make the .dmg Package Writeable
    - Step 2 – Generate the Module Installation Configuration File
    - Step 3 – Copy OrgInfo.json to Cisco Secure Client Installation Directory
    - Step 4 – (Optional) Hide the VPN Module
    - Step 5 – Customize the Cisco Secure Client Installation Modules
    - Sample Customization
    - Step 6 – Set Up the Correct Extension Permission Settings
    - Step 7 – Install Secure Client with Selected Modules
  - Optional OrgInfo.json Parameter Configurations
  - VPN Headend Deployment
  - Secure Firewall Management Center and Secure Firewall Threat Defense
    - Procedure to enable Secure Client Secure Access Module in Management Center and Threat Defense
    - (OPTIONAL) VPN Local Authentication (Management Center 7.0 or later required)
  - Meraki Systems Manager (SM) Deployment
  - Migration from Secure Access Roaming Client
  - Install the Root Certificate for All Browsers
  - Cloud Management
    - Deploying Cisco Secure Client
    - Uploading the Orginfo.json profile
    - Create a Deployment
    - Post Deployment
  - Additional References
  - Manage Device Deployment
    - Prerequisites for Device Deployment Management
    - Add and Activate Deployment Key
    - Manage Deployment Key Compromise
    - Delete a Deployment Key
    - Reverting to Using Legacy Deployment Implementation
    - Backward Compatibility
- Zero Trust Access using Cisco Secure Client
  - Manage Zero Trust Access using Cisco Secure Client
    - Enroll Devices in Zero Trust Access Using Certificates
      - Step 1 - Upload or choose a CA certificate
      - Step 2 - Download the enrollment configuration file
      - Step 3 - Install the enrollment configuration file on user devices
    - Enroll Devices in Zero Trust Access Using SSO Authentication Overview
      - Enroll Devices in Zero Trust Access Using SSO Authentication
    - Troubleshoot Client-Based Zero Trust Access
      - Pre-Enrollment Errors
      - Enrollment Errors
      - Post-Enrollment Errors
      - Requests to Reauthenticate
    - Unenroll a Device from Zero Trust Access
      - Unenroll from the user endpoint device (for enrollments using SSO Authentication only)
- Endpoint Data Loss Prevention using Ciso Secure Client
  - Manage Endpoint Data Loss Prevention Using Cisco Secure Client for Windows, Mac and Linux
    - Prerequisites for Endpoint Data Loss Prevention
    - Enroll Devices in Endpoint Data Loss Prevention Using Certificates
      - Step 1 - Upload or Choose a CA Certificate
      - Step 2 - Centralized Deployment and Management of Endpoint Data Loss Prevention
      - Step 3 - Download the Enrollment Choice File
      - Step 4 - Install the User Certificate and Enrollment Choice File on User Devices for Windows
      - Step 4 - Install the User Certificate and Enrollment Choice File on User Devices for macOS
      - Step 4 - Install the User Certificate and Enrollment Choice File on User Devices for Linux
  - Troubleshoot Endpoint Data Loss Prevention for Windows
    - Pre-enrollment Errors
    - Enrollment Errors
    - Post-enrollment Errors
  - Troubleshoot Endpoint Data Loss Prevention for Mac
    - Extract and Stream Logs for Cisco Secure Client - Endpoint DLP on macOS
    - Logging with the Console Application
  - Troubleshoot Endpoint Data Loss Prevention for Linux
  - Deploying Cisco Secure Client – Endpoint DLP on macOS using a generic MDM
  - Grant Required Privacy Permissions Using MDM
  - Uninstall Cisco Secure Client - Endpoint DLP on macOS
  - Uninstall Cisco Secure Client - Endpoint DLP on Linux
- Virtual Private Networks on Cisco Secure Client
  - Manage Virtual Private Networks on Cisco Secure Client
    - Prerequisites
    - Download the Virtual Private Network XML Profile
    - CA Certificates for VPN Connections
- Internet Security on Cisco Secure Client
  - Manage Internet Security on Cisco Secure Client
    - Umbrella Roaming Security Module Requirements
      - System Requirements
      - Network Requirements
      - Transport Layer Security Protocol
      - Network Access
      - Roaming Security DNS Requirements
      - Internal Domains
    - Domain Management
      - Internal Domains List
      - DNS Suffixes
      - Operational Flow
      - Advanced Topics
  - Interpret Internet Security Diagnostics
    - Procedure
      - Generate the Diagnostic Report from the Cisco Secure Client
      - Generate the Diagnostic Report on the Command Line
  - DNS Protection Status
    - View DNS Protection Status
  - SWG Protection Status
    - View SWG Protection Status
- Endpoint Diagnostic Tool
  - Cisco Endpoint Diagnostic Tool
    - Cisco Endpoint Diagnostic Tool
- Managed iOS
  - Cisco Security Connector: Secure Access Setup Guide
    - Requirements
      - Optionally
    - Getting Started
    - Quick Start
      - 1. Install the Cisco Security Connector App
      - 2. Add an Organization Administrator's Email Address
      - 3. Register Your iOS Device Through Your MDM to Secure Access
      - Unregister a Mobile Device
    - Manage Device Deployment
      - Add and Activate Deployment Key
      - Manage Deployment Key Compromise
      - Delete a Deployment Key
      - Reverting to Using Legacy Deployment Implementation
      - Backward Compatibility
  - Meraki Registration
    - Anonymization
    - Register with Meraki
      - Verify Push of Profile Config
      - Anonymize Your Device
      - Verify Secure Access on Your Device
    - Verify Secure Access with Meraki
      - Procedure
        
        Verify Local Operation on the iOS Device
        
        Verify Secure Access
        
        Verify Clarity
        
        Upgrade the Cisco Security Connector
        
        Uninstall the Cisco Security Connector
    - Meraki Documentation
  - Register an iOS Device Through Apple Configurator 2
    - Procedure for Registering an iOS Device Through Apple Configuration 2
    - Verify Secure Access on Your Device
  - IBM MaaS360 Registration
    - Procedure for Registering IBM MaaS360 MDM Solution
    - Verify Secure Access on Your iOS Device
  - Intune Registration
    - Procedure for Registering Intune MDM Solution
    - Verify Secure Access on Your iOS Device
  - Jamf Registration
    - Procedure for Registering Jamf MDM Solution
    - Anonymization
    - Verify Secure Access on Your iOS Device
  - MobileIron Registration
    - Procedure for Registering MobileIron MDM Solution
    - Verify Secure Access on Your iOS device
    - MobileIron Configuration
      - MobileIron Cloud Configuration
      - MobileIron On-Prem Configuration
  - MobiConnect Registration
    - Procedure for Registering MobiConnect MDM Solution
    - Verify Secure Access on Your iOS Device
  - Workspace ONE Registration
    - Procedure
    - Verify Secure Access on Your iOS Device
  - Register an iOS Device Through a Generic MDM System
    - Register the iOS Device Through a Generic MDM System
    - Verify That Your Device is Protected by Secure Access
  - Apply an Access Policy to Your Mobile Device
  - Add User Identity for Cisco Security Connector
    - Test Integration of User Identity With Cisco Security Connector
  - Anonymize Devices
  - Export Device Data to CSV
  - Push the Cisco Root Certificate to Managed Devices
  - Configure Cellular and Wifi Domains
  - Configuring DNS Suffix Allow List
  - Troubleshooting
    - Generate Diagnostics and Email the Secure Access Reports
    - Generate Diagnostics and Share the Secure Access Reports
- Managed Android
  - Secure Access Module for Cisco Secure Client (Android OS)
    - Device Security
    - Prerequisites
  - Deploy the Android Client
    - Android Configuration Download
      - Procedure
        
        Fail Close/Open Scenario
    - Manage Device Deployment
      - Add and Activate Deployment Key
      - Manage Deployment Key Compromise
      - Delete a Deployment Key
      - Reverting to Using Legacy Deployment Implementation
      - Backward Compatibility
    - Cisco Meraki MDM
      - Add App to Cisco Meraki
      - Add Configuration for App
      - Push the App to Devices
      - Push the Cisco Root Certificate
    - MobileIron MDM
      - Configure the App
      - Push the App
      - Push User Identities
      - Push the Cisco Root Certificate
    - VMware Workspace ONE
      - Create Always On VPN Profile
      - Add and Publish the Cisco Secure Client Application
    - Microsoft Intune MDM
      - Publish the Cisco Secure Client - AnyConnect App to Managed Android Devices
      - Configure Secure Access
      - Push User Identities
      - Push the Cisco Root Certificate
    - Samsung Knox MDM
      - Enroll Android Devices
      - Push the App
      - Set Managed Configuration
      - Create Profile in Knox Manage
      - Push User Identities
      - Push the Cisco Root Certificate
    - Push the Cisco Root Certificate to Devices
      - Procedure
  - Manage Identities
    - Cisco Meraki Systems Manager
    - Microsoft Intune
    - Samsung Knox
    - VMWare WorkspaceOne
    - Access User Identities on the Secure Access Dashboard
  - Export Device Data to CSV
    - Procedure
    - DNS Protection Status in Exported Reports
    - SWG Protection Status in Exported Reports
  - Troubleshooting
    - Known Issues
    - First Launch of App
    - Is this a VPN to Secure Access?
    - An Internal Site Isn't Loading
    - Configuration Issues
    - Check for VPN Connection and Policy
    - Check Block Page
    - Get the Android ID
    - Fail Close/Open Scenario
    - Check Device Registration
    - Missing CA Certificate
    - Org ID on Policy Page is 0
    - App Installation is Blocked
    - Offboarding Users
  - Frequently Asked Questions about Managed Android
- Unmanaged Mobile Devices
  - Unmanaged Mobile Device Protection
    - Administrator Actions
      - Enrolling Unmanaged Mobile Devices
    - End-user Actions
      - Android
        
        Registration and Activation
      - iOS
        
        Registration and Activation
Monitor and Report
- Experience Insights
  - About Experience Insights
  - Onboard Experience Insights
  - Cisco AI Assistant for Experience Insights
    - How to Use the Cisco AI Assistant in Experience Insights
    - Prompt examples
    - Contextual Conversations
  - ThousandEyes Account Management in Experience Insights
    - Edit Default Test Target
    - Register ThousandEyes Agents
      - Automatic Registration of ThousandEyes Endpoint Agents
      - Manual Registration of ThousandEyes Endpoint Agents
  - Experience Insights Overview
  - Endpoints
  - Wi-Fi Descriptions
  - Experience Score
  - View SaaS Application Performance
  - View User Dashboard
    - View the User Dashboard
  - Configure Identity Providers for Experience Insights
  - About Endpoint Agent Tests
    - Manage endpoint tests in Secure Access
      - Endpoint license usage
      - Endpoint tests
      - Default Endpoint tests
    - Manage endpoint agents and tests in ThousandEyes
    - Limitations
    - Estimate Peak Traffic to Custom Targets for Default Endpoint Tests
      - Calculate Estimated Peak Throughput of Test Traffic
      - Mitigation Strategies
      - Recovery Options
    - Create HTTP Server Tests
      - Procedure
    - Create Network Tests
      - Procedure
    - View HTTP server test results
    - View Network Test Results
- Logging
  - Manage Logging
    - Enable Logging on a Rule in Access Policy
    - Enable Logging to Your Own S3 Bucket
      - Configure Your Own S3 Bucket
      - Integrate AWS S3 Bucket with Splunk App
      - Download Files Locally From the S3 Bucket
    - Enable Logging of DLP Violation Evidence to Your Own S3 Bucket
      - Configure IAM Policy for S3 Bucket
      - Configure Your Own S3 Bucket
      - Integrate AWS S3 Bucket with Splunk App
      - Download Files Locally From the S3 Bucket
      - Troubleshooting
    - Enable Logging to a Cisco-Managed S3 Bucket
      - Best Practices for Rotating an S3 Bucket Key
      - Configure a Cisco-Managed S3 Bucket
      - Rotate Keys on a Cisco-Managed S3 Bucket
      - Get the S3 Bucket Data Path
      - Verify Your Access to an S3 Bucket
      - Download Files Locally From the Cisco-Managed S3 Bucket
      - Migrate From Cisco S3 Bucket to Your Own S3 Bucket
    - Change the Location of Event Data Logs
    - Log export failures to Amazon S3
    - Stop Logging
    - Delete Logs
  - Log Formats and Versioning
    - Log File Name Formats
      - Find Your Log Schema Version
        
        View Your Log Schema Version and Last Sync Time
      - Include Headers
      - Log File Fields
      - Estimate the Size of a Log
      - Estimate the Size of an Exported Report
    - Reports and CSV Formats
      - Activity Search Report
        
        Zero Trust Access Activity Search Fields
      - Top Categories Report
      - Top Destinations Report
      - Top Resources Report
    - Admin Audit Log Formats
    - Cloud Firewall Log Formats
    - Data Loss Prevention (DLP) Log Formats
    - DNS Log Formats
    - File Events Log Formats
    - IPS Log Formats
    - Network Connectivity Log Formats
    - Remote Access VPN Log Formats
    - Web Log Formats
    - Zero Trust Access Log Formats
    - Zero Trust Access Flow Log Formats
    - Zero Trust Access Enrollment Log Formats
- Monitor with Alert Rules
  - Monitor Secure Access with Alert Rules
    - Manage Alert Rules
    - Add and Edit Alert Rules for API Anomalies
    - Add and Edit Alert Rules for Changes on Access Rules
    - Add and Edit Alert Rules for Behavior Analytics
    - Add and Edit Alert Rules for Tunnel Connectivity
    - Add and Edit User Access Alerts
    - Manage Alert Rules for Destination Lists
    - Monitor Alerts from Secure Access
    - Splunk Integration: Configure Alert Rules for Access Policy Changes
    - ServiceNow Integration: Configure Alert Rules for Access Policy Changes
- Monitor with Reports
  - Monitor Secure Access with Reports
    - Available Reports
    - Export Report Data to CSV
    - Bookmark and Share Reports
  - Report Scheduling
    - Schedule a Report
    - Update a Scheduled Report
  - Report Search Window and Retention
    - Report Search Window
    - Report Retention
  - Assess and Monitor Configurations in Secure Access
- Activity Reports
  - Activity Search Report
    - View and Customize the Activity Search Report
      - View the Activity Search Report
      - Customize the Activity Search Report
      - Save Activity Search Report columns and filters for future use
      - Customize and Manage Saved Searches
      - View an Access Policy Rule from the Activity Search Report
    - View Firewall Events in Activity Search Report
      - Filter the Report by Firewall Requests
    - View Web Events in Activity Search Report
      - Filter the Report by Web Requests
    - View Zero Trust Events in Activity Search Report
      - Procedure
        
        Event Details
        
        Access Details
        
        Block Details
        
        Endpoint Details
    - View AI Semantic Inspection Events in Activity Search Report
      - Filter the Report by Semantic Inspection for MCP Servers
    - View Activity Search Report Actions
      - See Full Details
        
        View Isolated Event Details
      - Filter Views
    - Schedule an Activity Search Report
    - Use Search and Advanced Search
      - Search
      - Wildcards
        
        Domains
        
        URLs
        
        File Names
      - Advanced Search
      - Inline Column Filtering
  - Security Activity Report
    - View Activity and Details by Filters
      - Procedure
    - View Activity and Details by Event Type or Security Category
      - Procedure
        
        Group Security Categories
    - View an Event's Details
      - Procedure
    - Search for Security Activity
      - Prerequisites
      - Procedure
        
        Advanced Search
  - Activity Volume Report
    - View Requests by Volume of Activity
    - View Activity Volume by Threat Categories
      - Prevent
      - Contain
    - View Activity Volume by Policy Traffic
    - View Trends
- Admin Audit Log Report
  - Admin Audit Log Report
    - Generate Admin Audit Log Report
    - Export Admin Audit Log Report to an S3 Bucket
      - Procedure
- AI Related Reports
  - AI Supply Chain Report
  - AI Semantic Inspection Report
    - View AI Semantic Inspection Report
- App Related Reports
  - App Discovery Report
    - View the App Discovery Report
      - View the App Discovery Report
    - View the Highest Risk Apps
      - Procedure
    - Review Apps in the Apps Grid
      - Procedure
      - Configure Columns to Display
      - Change the Label of an App
    - View App Details
      - Procedure
    - Change App Details
      - Change the Risk Score for an App
      - Change the Label of an App
    - Control Apps
      - Procedure
      - Control Application Lists
    - Control Advanced Apps
      - Procedure
    - View Traffic Data Through SWG Service
      - View Traffic
      - View Traffic in the Apps Grid
      - View Traffic in the App Details
  - Third-Party Apps Report
    - View the Third-Party Apps Report
    - Search the Third-Party Apps Report
    - Export the Third-Party Apps Report
    - View App Details
      - Procedure
- Cloud Malware Report
  - Cloud Malware Report
    - View the Cloud Malware Report
    - Use the Cloud Malware Report
      - View Detailed Information About a File
      - Quarantine a Malicious File
      - Restore a Quarantined File
      - Delete a Malicious File
      - Dismiss an Item from the Report
      - Export a Cloud Malware Report
- Data Loss Prevention Report
  - Data Loss Prevention Report
    - View Events
      - View Event Details
      - Delete File
      - Quarantine File
      - Restore File from Quarantine
      - Use Advanced Search
    - Discovery
      - View a Discovery Scan
- Data Security Posture Management Report
  - Data Security Posture Management
    - Overview
    - Data Catalogue
    - Insights
    - Analytics
- Events Report
  - Events Report
    - Key Features of Events Report
    - View Events Report
    - Event Type Specific Details
    - Schedule an Events Report
    - Saving a Search in the Events Report
    - Customize and Manage Saved Searches
    - Filter Events Using Basic Search Options
    - Filter Events Using Advanced Search
    - Known Limitations
      - Data Retrieval Limit (10,000 Offset)
      - Understanding Data Availability (Missing Fields)
      - Protocol-Specific Correlation Behaviors
      - Known Issues and Ongoing Enhancements
- Network Connectivity Log
  - Network Connectivity Log
    - Schedule a Network Connectivity Log Report
- Network Tunnel Group Usage Report
  - Network Tunnel Group Usage
    - View Top Network Tunnel Groups by Traffic
- Remote Access Log Report
  - About the Remote Access Log Report
    - View the Remote Access Log Report
      - View Event Details
    - View Zero Trust Access Events in the Remote Access Log
      - View Zero Trust Access Enrollment Logging Event Details
    - Schedule a Remote Access Log Report
- Top Categories Report
  - Top Categories Report
    - View the Top Categories Report
    - Top Categories Quick View
    - View Category in Other Reports
    - Category Details
      - View a Category's Details Overview
      - View a Category's Traffic
        
        View the Activity Breakdown
        
        View the Traffic Bandwidth
      - View a Category's Identities
      - View the Category's Top Domains
- Top Destinations Report
  - Top Destinations Report
    - View the Top Destinations Report
    - View Further Details
    - Destination Details
      - View the Destination Details
      - View the Request Traffic
        
        View Requests by Blocked or Allowed
        
        View Requests Through Global Traffic %
      - View the Access and Policy Details
      - View Recent Activity
      - View the Most Visited URL Paths
- Total Requests Report
  - Total Requests Report
    - View Trends in the Total Requests Report
Integrations
- Secure Access Integrations
  - Manage Third-Party Integrations
    - Additional Secure Access Integration Guides
  - Chrome Enterprise Browser
    - Configure the Chrome Enterprise Browser Third-Party Integration
  - Microsoft Intune Third-Party Integration
    - Configure the Microsoft Intune Third-Party Integration
  - Jamf Pro Third-Party Integration
    - Configure the Jamf Pro Third-Party Integration
  - Push Security Events Third-Party Integration
    - Add Third-Party Integrations for Push Security Events
    - View Third-Party Integrations for Push Security Events
    - Edit a Third-Party Integration for Push Security Events
    - Delete a Third-Party Integration for Push Security Events
    - Splunk Integration: Configure Push Security Events
    - ServiceNow Integration: Configure Push Security Events
  - Microsoft Edge for Business Third-Party Integration
    - Add Third-Party Integration for Microsoft Edge for Business
    - View Third-Party Integration for Microsoft Edge for Business
    - Edit a Third-Party Integration for Microsoft Edge for Business
  - Island Enterprise Browser Third Party Integration
    - Add a Third-Party Integration for Island Enterprise Browser
    - Edit a Third-Party Integration for Island Enterprise Browser
    - Delete a Third-Party Integration for Island Enterprise Browser
  - Threat Intelligence Feeds
    - Add Third-Party Integrations for Threat Intelligence Feeds
    - View Integrated Threat Intelligence Feeds
    - Edit or Delete a Threat Intelligence Feed
  - Manage Webhooks for Third-Party Integrations
    - Add a Webhook for a Third-Party Integration
    - View Details for Webhooks
    - Edit a Webhook for a Third-Party Integration
    - Delete a Webhook for a Third-Party Integration
  - Integrate ISE (Identity Services Engine) with Secure Access
    - Solution Overview
    - Security Group Tags
    - Components and Prerequisites
    - Solution Workflow
    - Connect Cisco ISE and Cisco pxGrid Cloud
      - Cisco pxGrid Cloud Terminology
      - Cisco pxGrid Cloud and Cisco ISE Integration Workflows
    - Enable Cisco Security Cloud Exchange
    - Integrate Cisco ISE with Secure Access
    - Verify and Monitor Context Sharing
      - Verify Context Sharing in Secure Access
      - Activity Search in Secure Access
  - Integrate Catalyst SD-WAN with Secure Access
    - Solution Overview
    - Components and Prerequisites
    - Solution Workflow
      - Related Information
    - Configure Context Sharing Between Catalyst SD-WAN and Secure Access
      - Generate API Key Pair for Context Sharing
      - Create Cisco Secure Access Credentials
      - Add Secure Service Edge (SSE) Policy Group
      - Enable Context Sharing
    - Verify and Monitor Context Sharing
      - Verify Context Sharing in Secure Access
      - Monitor Context Sharing in SD-WAN Manager
      - Monitor Secure Access Tunnels using the CLI
      - Activity Search in Secure Access
  - Integrate Cisco Identity Intelligence with Secure Access
    - Configure a New Duo and Cisco Identity Intelligence Tenant with Secure Access
    - Configure an Existing Duo and Cisco Identity Intelligence Tenant with Secure Access
    - After Integrating Cisco Identity Intelligence
      - Duo Directory Integration with Secure Access
    - Integrate Cisco SASE with Meraki SD-WAN
- Cisco Security for Chromebook Client
  - About Cisco Security for Chromebooks
    - Key benefits
    - Prerequisites for Cisco Security for Chromebooks Client
    - Limitations for Cisco Security for Chromebooks
  - Integrate the Google Workspace Identity Service
    - Limitations
    - Integrate the Google Workspace Identity Service
  - Deploy the Cisco Security for Chromebooks Client
    - About DNS-Layer Protection
    - About SWG-Layer Protection
    - High-Level Steps for Deploying Cisco Security for Chromebook Client
      - Step 1
      - Step 2
    - Bypass Internal Domains from DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH)
      - Procedure
        
        Verification
    - Enable Reporting for Private IP Address of Chromebook Device
      - Procedure
    - Verify Cisco Security for Chromebooks Client Deployment
      - Procedure
    - Export Device Data to CSV
      - Procedure
    - Manage Device Deployment
      - Add and Activate Deployment Key
      - Manage Deployment Key Compromise
      - Delete a Deployment Key
      - Reverting to Using Legacy Deployment Implementation
      - Backward Compatibility
    - Troubleshoot Cisco Security for Chromebooks Client Deployment
  - View Protection Status of Chromebook Devices
    - Procedure
  - Add Policies to a Chromebook Device
    - Procedure
  - Cisco Security for Chromebooks Client FAQ
  - Google Workspace Identity Service FAQ

Security Protection and Enforcement Virtual Appliances Get Started with Virtual Appliances Prerequisites for Virtual Appliances Networking Requirements Network Address Translation (NAT)

Last updated: Sep 07, 2026

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